Abstract
Human low density lipoprotein (LDL) was incubated with rabbit xanthoma tissue or non-lesional
dermis. The xanthoma tissue-modified LDL (x-LDL) was oxidized showing a 12-fold higher
level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARSs) and a faster anodic electrophoretic
mobility than native LDL (n-LDL). The LDL treated with non-lesional dermis (d-LDL)
had a twofold higher TBARS level compared with n-LDL, but the electrophoretic mobility
of d-LDL and n-LDL was similar. Cholesterol esterifying activity in mouse peritoneal
macrophages, an indicator of LDL uptake, was up-regulated 5-fold and 1.8-fold by incubation
with x-LDL and d-LDL, respectively, compared with n-LDL. Macrophages transformed into
foam cells in incubation with x-LDL, and intradermal injections of x-LDL induced infiltration
of great many foam cells in the normolipemic rabbit dermis. d-LDL had much less effects
on the foam cell formation and foam cell infiltration than x-LDL. Cholesterol:protein
ratio was higher in x-LDL than in n-LDL and d-LDL, suggesting that x-LDL-induced foam
cells accumulated the lipids by incorporating the cholesterol-rich x-LDL. In conclusion,
extravasated LDL receives oxidation and contributes to foam cell recruitment in xanthoma
lesions. On the other hand, extravasated LDL in non-lesional dermis receives limited
oxidation and additional promoting factors are necessary for initiation of xanthoma
development.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Dermatological ScienceAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The role of oxidized low density lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.Annu. Rev. Med. 1992; 43: 219-225
- Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity.N. Engl. J. Med. 1989; 320: 915-924
- Role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis.Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1990; 9: 155-168
- Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells.J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 90: 1138-1144
- Partial characterization of leukocyte binding molecules on endothelial cells induced by minimally oxidized LDL.Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994; 14: 427-433
- Oxidized lipoproteins and leukocyte–endothelial interactions: growing evidence for multiple mechanisms.Lab. Invest. 1993; 68: 369-371
- Receptors for oxidized low density lipoprotein.Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1999; 1436: 279-298
- A role for endothelial cell lipoxygenase in the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1989; 86: 1046-1050
- The role of sulfur-containing amino acids in superoxide production and modification of low density lipoprotein by arterial smooth muscle cells.J. Biol. Chem. 1987; 262: 10098-10103
- Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by activated human monocytes and the cell lines U937 and HL60.In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 1988; 24: 1001-1008
- Macrophage oxidation of low density lipoprotein generates a modified form recognized by the scavenger receptor.Arteriosclerosis. 1986; 6: 505-510
- Role of superoxide in endothelial-cell modification of low density lipoproteins.Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1988; 959: 20-30
- Persistence of foam cells in rabbit xanthoma after normalization of serum cholesterol level.Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1988; 280: 108-113
- Cholesterol synthesis and esterification in experimental xanthoma tissues.J. Lipid Res. 1981; 22: 1033-1041
- Practical methods for plasma lipoprotein analysis.Adv. Lipid Res. 1968; 6: 1-68
- Simple assay for the level of total lipid peroxides in serum or plasma.Meth. Mol. Biol. 1998; 108: 101-106
- Reversible accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages incubated with acetylated lipoproteins.J. Cell Biol. 1979; 82: 597-613
- Stimulation of cholesterol esterification in rhesus monkey arterial smooth muscle cells.Circ. Res. 1977; 40: 166-173
- Superoxide anion participation in human monocyte-mediated oxidation of low density lipoprotein and conversion of low density lipoprotein to a cytotoxin.J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 1963-1969
- Evidence for a dominant role of lipoxygenase(s) in the oxidation of LDL by mouse peritoneal macrophages.J. Lipid Res. 1991; 32: 449-456
- Iron and copper promote modification of low density lipoprotein by human arterial smooth muscle cells in culture.J. Clin. Invest. 1984; 74: 1890-1894
- The oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins by macrophages.Biochem. J. 1990; 270: 741-748
- Transition metal ions within human atherosclerotic lesions can catalyse the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by macrophages.FEBS Lett. 1995; 374: 12-16
- Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man.J. Clin. Invest. 1989; 84: 1086-1095
- Distribution of oxidation specific lipid-protein adducts and apolipoprotein B in atherosclerotic lesions of varying severity from WHHL rabbits.Arteriosclerosis. 1990; 10: 336-349
- Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1989; 86: 1372-1376
- Extracts of human atherosclerotic lesions can modify low density lipoproteins leading to enhanced uptake by macrophages.Atherosclerosis. 1988; 70: 29-41
- A low density lipoprotein-sized particle isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions is internalized by macrophages via a non-scavenger-receptor mechanism.J. Lipid Res. 1986; 27: 1124-1134
- Isolation of low density lipoprotein from atherosclerotic vascular tissue of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.Arteriosclerosis. 1988; 8: 768-777
- Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: a potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1987; 84: 2995-2998
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
September 5,
2002
Received in revised form:
September 4,
2002
Received:
July 3,
2002
Identification
Copyright
© 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
