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Letter to the Editor| Volume 77, ISSUE 1, P71-74, January 2015

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Relationship of ceramide–, and free fatty acid–cholesterol ratios in the stratum corneum with skin barrier function of normal, atopic dermatitis lesional and non-lesional skins

Published:October 13, 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.10.001
Relationship of ceramide–, and free fatty acid–cholesterol ratios in the stratum corneum with skin barrier function of normal, atopic dermatitis lesional and non-lesional skins
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      One of the main causes for atopic dermatitis (AD) is skin barrier dysfunction which can be represented as increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin barrier dysfunction is induced by the disruption of stratum corneum (SC), a dense protein–lipid matrix which functions as a barrier to exogenous irritants and allergens. Recently a relationship between altered SC lipid profiles and impaired skin barrier function has been described [
      • Janssens M.
      • van Smeden J.
      • Gooris G.S.
      • Bras W.
      • Portale G.
      • Caspers P.J.
      • et al.
      Increase in short-chain ceramides correlates with an altered lipid organization and decreased barrier function in atopic eczema patients.
      J Lipid Res. 2012; 53: 2755-2766
      ,
      • Park Y.H.
      • Jang W.H.
      • Seo J.A.
      • Park M.
      • Lee T.R.
      • Park Y.H.
      • et al.
      Decrease of ceramides with very long-chain fatty acids and downregulation of elongases in a murine atopic dermatitis model.
      J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132: 476-479
      ]. SC lipids are composed of ceramides (CER), free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol (CHOL)[
      • Jungersted J.M.
      • Hellgren L.I.
      • Jemec G.B.
      • Agner T.
      Lipids and skin barrier function – a clinical perspective.
      Contact Dermat. 2008; 58: 255-262
      ]. Ishikawa et al. [
      • Ishikawa J.
      • Narita H.
      • Kondo N.
      • Hotta M.
      • Takagi Y.
      • Masukawa Y.
      • et al.
      Changes in the ceramide profile of atopic dermatitis patients.
      J Invest Dermatol. 2010; 130: 2511-2514
      ] reported that 9 out of 11 CER classes found in human SC, exhibit statistically significant correlations with TEWL in the aspect of contents and average total carbon numbers. van Smeden et al. [
      • van Smeden J.
      • Janssens M.
      • Kaye E.C.
      • Caspers P.J.
      • Lavrijsen A.P.
      • Vreeken R.J.
      • et al.
      The importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin barrier function in atopic eczema patients.
      Exp Dermatol. 2014; 23: 45-52
      ] further demonstrated the reduction of carbon-chain length in FFAs and CERs in AD lesion, enlightening the roles of respective FFA and CER species in skin barrier function.

      Keywords

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      References

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        • Gooris G.S.
        • Bras W.
        • Portale G.
        • Caspers P.J.
        • et al.
        Increase in short-chain ceramides correlates with an altered lipid organization and decreased barrier function in atopic eczema patients.
        J Lipid Res. 2012; 53: 2755-2766
        View in Article
        • Park Y.H.
        • Jang W.H.
        • Seo J.A.
        • Park M.
        • Lee T.R.
        • Park Y.H.
        • et al.
        Decrease of ceramides with very long-chain fatty acids and downregulation of elongases in a murine atopic dermatitis model.
        J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132: 476-479
        View in Article
        • Jungersted J.M.
        • Hellgren L.I.
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        • Agner T.
        Lipids and skin barrier function – a clinical perspective.
        Contact Dermat. 2008; 58: 255-262
        View in Article
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        • Narita H.
        • Kondo N.
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        • Takagi Y.
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        Changes in the ceramide profile of atopic dermatitis patients.
        J Invest Dermatol. 2010; 130: 2511-2514
        View in Article
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        • Kaye E.C.
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        The importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin barrier function in atopic eczema patients.
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      Article info

      Publication history

      Published online: October 13, 2014
      Received: July 24, 2014

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.10.001

      Copyright

      © 2014 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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