Highlights
- •Exposure to glyoxal aggravated the symptoms in AD rats, but did not induce AD in naïve rats.
- •S. aureus skin colonization and subsequent expression of antimicrobial peptides were increased after exposure to glyoxal.
- •Exposure to glyoxal elevated the production of Th1-related cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in the AD lesional skin.
Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease associated
with hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. Among those, outdoor air pollutants
such as particulate matter (PM) have been reported to aggravate pre-existing AD. However,
underlying mechanisms of air pollution-induced aggravation of AD have hardly been
studied.
Objective
To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glyoxal, a PM-forming organic compound,
exacerbates the symptoms of AD induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment.
Methods
Naïve and AD rats had been exposed to either fresh air or vaporized glyoxal for 5
weeks (2 h/day and 5 days/week) since one week of age. Pruritus and dermatitis were
measured every week. The skin and blood were collected and immunological traits such
as Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, production of antimicrobial peptides and
immunoglobulin, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed.
Results
Exposure to glyoxal aggravated pruritus and dermatitis in AD rats, but did not induce
any symptoms in naïve rats. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization was increased
in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as
LL-37 and β-defensin-2 was also increased by exposure to glyoxal in the skin of both
naïve and AD rats. The mRNA expression of Th1-related cytokines was elevated on exposure
to glyoxal. However, serum immunoglobulin production was not significantly changed
by exposure to glyoxal.
Conclusion
In AD rats, exposure to glyoxal exacerbated pruritus and cutaneous inflammation, which
was associated with increased colonization of S. aureus and subsequent immunological alterations in the skin.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 20, 2018
Accepted:
February 15,
2018
Received in revised form:
February 6,
2018
Received:
November 8,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
