Highlights
- •IL-33 may be key regulator of CLDN1 downregulation in keratinocytes.
- •The expression of CLDN1 is regulated by ERK/STAT3 pathway in IL-33 treated keratinocytes.
- •IL-33 reduced CLDN1 expression is regulated by direct binding of STAT3 to CLDN1 promoter region.
Abstract
Background
Tight junctions (TJs) have important roles in skin barrier function. The TJ protein
claudin-1 (CLDN1) is decreased in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known
about the mechanism of CLDN1 down-expression.
Objective
To elucidate the effect of IL-33 on CLDN1 expression in keratinocytes.
Methods
Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and human skin equivalent models (HSEMs)
were cultured in vitro in the presence of IL-33. Production of CLDN1, signal transducer and activator of
transcription 3 (STAT3) and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) expression were
measured by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assay. MAPK inhibitors
and small interfering RNA were used to confirm the signal pathway of STAT3 and CLDN1.
Barrier function was measured by transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran
flux assays. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay was used to detect STAT3 transcriptional
activity.
Results
Levels of CLDN1 expression were reduced in the epidermis of AD-model mice overexpressing
IL-33. IL-33 down-regulated the expression of CLDN1 mRNA and protein in NHEKs and
HSEMs. IL-33 attenuated transepithelial electric resistance and induced FITC-dextran
flux in NHEKs. The IL-33 suppressed CLDN1 expression was regulated by an extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription
3 (STAT3). STAT3 suppressed CLDN1 expression by direct binding to the promoters.
Conclusion
IL-33 may down-regulate CLDN1 expression through the ERK/STAT3 pathway in keratinocytes.
Abbreviations:
AD (atopic dermatitis), CLDN (claudin), EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), H&E (hematoxylin-eosin), HSEM (human skin equivalent model), IF (immunofluorescence), IHC (immunocytochemistry), IL (interleukin), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney), p38 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases), OCLN (occludin), qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), SC (stratum corneum), siRNA (small interfering RNA), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), TEER (transepithelial electrical resistance), Tg (transgenic), TJ (tight junction)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 26, 2018
Accepted:
February 22,
2018
Received in revised form:
February 19,
2018
Received:
October 17,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
