Highlights
- •Hair plays an important role inindividual’s general appearance. Hair loss is not considered to be a severe disease, however, it affects people’s quality of life and leads to psychological disorders.
- •Argan Press Cake (APC) extracts are rich in phenolic compounds and saponins and contains significant concentrations of phytosterols.
- •APC extracts showed a potential effect on hair growth stimulation, via increasing the proliferation and mitochondrial activity, while inhibiting the inflammation and the oxidative stress of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells (HFDCPs).
- •APC extracts can potentially contribute to an anti-hair loss drug development.
Abstract
Background
Hair follicle undergoes a growth cycle under the regulation of dermal papilla cells.
Due to their enormous roles, these fibroblast cells have been used in various in vitro studies as a screening model to evaluate the effect of hair growth regulating agents.
Objective
In the current study, we aim to check the hair growth potential effect of Argan press
cake (APC) extracted using 50 or 80 % aqueous ethanol on human hair follicle dermal
papilla cells (HFDPCs) and to determine the molecular mechanism.
Methods
APC were applied to HFDPCs, then cell proliferation assays, mitochondrial biogenesis
assay, and oxidative stress assay were assessed. DNA microarray was performed from
the cells treated with our samples and minoxidil. Validation of the results was done
using Quantitative Real-Time PCR with primers for hair-growth related genes. GC/MS
analysis was used to determine the compounds contained in APC 50 and 80 %.
Results
APC enhanced cell proliferation along with the stimulation of the ATP content. Additionally,
APC had an anti-oxidant activity against H2O2 mediated oxidative stress preventing dermal papilla cell senescence. Consistent with
this, global gene profiling analysis showed an activation of hair growth-related pathway,
and a downregulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes by APC extracts.
GC/MS analysis revealed that these extracts contained pure fatty acids, derived sugar
chains, and pure compounds including tocopherols, squalene, and spinasterol.
Conclusion
Taken together, here we showed that APC extracts had an effect on stimulating hair
growth while inhibiting the inflammation and the oxidative stress of HFDPCs and thus
can potentially contribute to an anti-hair loss drug development.
Abbreviations:
HF (Hair Follicle), DPCs (Dermal Papilla Cells), HS (Hair Shaft), FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor), Shh (Sonic Hedgehog), BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein), MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase), mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin), APC (Argan Press Cake), DHT (Dihydrotestosterone), HFDPCs (Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells), MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 Diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide), SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate), ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), RT (Room Temperature), RMA (Robust Multichip Average), GO (Gene Ontology), TAC (Transcriptome Analysis Console), DAVID (Database of Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery), GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis), DEGs (Differentially expressed genes), SD (Standard Deviation), ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), RBPj (Recombining Binding Protein Suppressor of Hairless), IL6 (Interleukin 6), TNFα (Tumor Necrosis Factors Alpha), ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), HFSC (Hair Follicle Stem Cells), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta), DKK-1 (Dickkopf), IFNγ (Interferon), FDA (Food and Drug Administration)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 08, 2021
Accepted:
June 6,
2021
Received in revised form:
June 3,
2021
Received:
February 14,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
