External stress such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollutants enhances skin pigmentation.
In response to external stressors, skin cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes,
and fibroblasts, release secretory proteins to deliver signals to neighboring cells.
Along with communication among skin cells, melanin production is a critical step for
protecting skin cells against external stressors. It is well known that a variety
of mediators such as alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), stem cell factor
(SCF), keratinocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor stimulate melanin
synthesis [
[1]
]. In addition, our group reported that adenosine triphosphate is another mediator
for melanogenesis, which is released from keratinocytes by UV irradiation and subsequently
stimulates melanocytes [
[2]
]. Recent studies including ours demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) actively
induces skin pigmentation through several mechanisms such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor
signaling, air pollution-induced oxidative stress, and ER-stress-mediated IRE1α signaling
[
[3]
], [
[4]
]. Thus, it is critical to investigate the endogenous protective system which modulates
skin pigmentation by external stimuli to understand physiological and pathological
hyperpigmentation.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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References
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- Critical role of ATP-P2×7 axis in UV-induced melanogenesis.J. Invest. Dermatol. 2019; 139: 1554-1563
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 23, 2022
Accepted:
December 20,
2022
Received in revised form:
November 30,
2022
Received:
October 5,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
